Information provision on Academic library websites in Ghana: Pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic analysis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65861/glj.v31i2.5

Keywords:

Academic Libraries, Library website, Ghana, Library Services, Digital Libraries, Library Portal, Electronic Libraries

Abstract

Academic library websites are used to provide relevant information and services to the immediate academic community and beyond. This study aimed to determine the kind of services and information provided by academic libraries in Ghana on their websites before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using content analysis, the study adapted Pareek and Gupta’s (2013) academic library website checklist as a tool for collecting data on the websites of nine selected academic libraries in Ghana before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the two data sets. The findings revealed that the websites are used mainly as avenues for information provision on some aspects of resources and services provided. However, there has been a reduction in the number of websites, the extent of information and service provision when the data from pre- and post-COVID-19 were compared. Service provision on the websites, which is the current demand from library users, is very minimal, and the libraries lack information on their websites about their unique and rare collections. Evidence from the websites of Ghanaian academic libraries gives an indication that the libraries are not making extensive use of their websites to meet the demands of the 21st-century information service provision through virtual service delivery. This prevents global access to the contents of the library collection. It is therefore recommended that libraries see their website as a modern marketing tool and develop strategies to optimise its use.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afrane, D. A., Donkor, A. B., & Yamson, G. C. (2022). Libraries for tomorrow: The use of ICT and space transformation in some academic libraries in Ghana. Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-659X/9896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-659X/9896

Agyemang, F. G., Boateng, H., & Dzandu, M. D. (2015). Dialogic communication on universities in Ghana libraries’ websites. The Electronic Library, 33(4), 684–697. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-02-2014-0041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-02-2014-0041

Ankrah, E., Agbodza, R., & Atuase, D. (2019). Library management systems in public academic libraries in Ghana: Situations and challenges. Journal of Information Science, Systems and Technology, 3(2), 22–41.

Arendt, J., & Peacemaker, B. (2023). Liaison librarian programs as described on U.S. college and university library websites. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(6), 102792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102792

Arshad, A., & Ameen, K. (2015). Usage patterns of Punjab University Library website: A transactional log analysis study. The Electronic Library, 33(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-12-2012-0161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-12-2012-0161

Ashiq, M., Jabeen, F., & Mahmood, K. (2022). Transformation of libraries during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 48(4), 102534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102534

Asimah, A. P. A., Dzogbede, O. E., & Akaba, S. (2021). Digital library usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2021, 1–15.

Asimah, A. P. A., & van der Walt, T. B. (2023). Customer care in selected academic libraries in Ghana. Information Development. https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669231206769 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669231206769

Bentil, W., Liew, C. L., & Chawner, B. (2021). An examination of electronic resource management in academic libraries in Ghana through the Techniques of Electronic Resource Management (TERMS) framework. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(1), 102265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102265

Bilson, A. P. K. E., & Markwei, E. D. (2019). Impacts of information and communication technology on libraries in Ghana: A review. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-Journal). https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac

Boakye, S. A., Boakye, E., & Adjei, K. O. K. (2022). User satisfaction with resources and services of Kumasi Technical University Library during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ghana Library Journal, 27(1), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.4314/glj.v27i1.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/glj.v27i1.4

Camp, N. (2023). Podcast resources in academic libraries: Audio lending technology and studio recording spaces in American research libraries. Public Services Quarterly, 19(4), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2023.2236541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2023.2236541

Chakraborty, S., & Jana, S. (2021). Challenges and opportunities of academic libraries in India because of COVID-19. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 68(2), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.56042/alis.v68i2.39571 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56042/alis.v68i2.39571

ChanLin, L. J., & Hung, W. H. (2016). Usability and evaluation of a library mobile website. The Electronic Library, 34(4), 636–650. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-07-2015-0119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-07-2015-0119

Chen, Y. H., Germain, C. A., & Rorissa, A. (2023). Web usability practice at ARL academic libraries. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 23(3), 537–570. https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2023.a901567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/pla.2023.a901567

Chisita, C. T., Chiparausha, B., Tsabetse, V., Olugbara, C. T., & Letseka, M. (2022). Remaking academic library services in Zimbabwe in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 48(3), 102521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102521

Choi, Y., & Hastings, E. B. (2024). Exploring the use of digital exhibits by academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 50(1), 102814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102814

Cirelli, M. (2022). Customizing Summon for a specific user population: A health sciences library’s experience. Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice, 10(1), 4–12. https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2022.266 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2022.266

Cirelli, M. C., & Long, B. A. (2020). Doing away with “Database”: Exploring medical library website design. Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, 17(3–4), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2020.1823291 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2020.1823291

Dadhe, P. P., & Dubey, M. N. (2020). Library services provided during COVID-19 pandemic: Content analysis of websites of premier technological institutions of India. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2020(November), 1–18.

Durrheim, K., & Painter, D. (2006). Research in practice: Applied methods for social sciences (M. Terre Blanche, K. Durrheim, & D. Painter, Eds.). University of Cape Town Press.

Dzandza, P. E. (2020). Digitizing the intellectual output of Ghanaian universities. Collection and Curation, 39(3), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/CC-05-2019-0012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CC-05-2019-0012

Faulkner, A. E. (2018). Entrepreneurship resources in US public libraries: Website analysis. Reference Services Review, 46(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/RSR-07-2017-0025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RSR-07-2017-0025

He, X., & Huang, Y. (2023). Web content management systems as a support service in academic library websites: An investigation of the world-class universities in 2012–2022. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(3), 102716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102716

Hebert, H. S., & Visperas, C. (2023). Exploring the use of interlibrary loan service and user preferences in a countywide public library system. Public Library Quarterly, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2023.2299173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01616846.2023.2299173

Hopkins, M. E., Summers-Ables, J. E., Clifton, S. C., & Coffman, M. A. (2011). Website creation and resource management: Developing collaborative strategies for asynchronous interaction with library users. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 28(2), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2010.00921.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2010.00921.x

Kang, Q., Song, Z., Lu, J., Shi, T., & Yang, J. (2022). COVID-19 impact on the Chinese top academic libraries: Libraries’ response to space, collection and services. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 48(4), 102525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102525

Kebede, H. W. (2014). Adoption of Web 2.0 in academic libraries of top African universities. The Electronic Library, 32(2), 262–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-07-2012-0077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-07-2012-0077

Kodua-Ntim, K., & Fombad, M. C. (2020). Strategies for the use of open access institutional repositories at universities in Ghana. Library Management, 41(6–7), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-02-2020-0023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-02-2020-0023

Koteikor Baidoo, D., & Nwagwu, W. E. (2024). User and service provider assessment of technology readiness of library commons in selected universities in Ghana. Library Management, 45(5), 331–361. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-12-2023-0132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-12-2023-0132

Lembinen, L. (2023). Academic libraries’ leaders’ decision-making during the COVID-19 crisis. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49, 102709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102709 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102709

Mabweazara, M. M., & Zinn, S. (2018). The 21st century academic library: The case of three state universities in Zimbabwe (Doctoral dissertation). University of the Western Cape. http://etd.uwc.ac.za

Maixner, G. R., Cooper, M. M., & Herm, K. (2023). Meeting students where they are: Introducing a proactive chat widget to your website to boost your chats. Internet Reference Services Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2023.2255175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2023.2255175

Mensah, M., & Onyancha, O. B. (2021). A social media strategy for academic libraries. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(6), 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102462 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102462

Munshi, S. A., Biswas, A., & Barsha, S. (2023). Librarians’ self-efficacy in digital literacy skills: An investigation of librarians working in libraries of government-aided colleges in West Bengal. Science and Technology Libraries. https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2023.2286650 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2023.2286650

Najjar, L. (2023). Consumer health information on public library websites: Availability and characteristics. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 42(4), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2261792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2261792

Naughton, R. (2023). Modern impressions: Getting to know your library website users. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 49(3), 102675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2023.102675

Noh, Y. (2022). A study on the discussion on Library 5.0 and the generation of Library 1.0 to Library 5.0. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/09610006221106183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/09610006221106183

Nzomo, P. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on the use of library resources and services by international students: A case study. Journal of Library Administration, 63(5), 722–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2023.2219602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2023.2219602

Ocloo, P. E. D., & King, L. (2022). Adoption and utilisation of integrated library management systems in Ghanaian academic libraries. African Journal of Library Archives and Information Science, 32(1), 1–19. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajlais/article/view/226799

Oladapo, A. T. O. J. (2016). A comparative analysis of available features and Web 2.0 tools on selected Nigerian and South African university library websites. The Electronic Library, 34(3), 504–521. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-10-2014-0182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-10-2014-0182

Pant, A. (2015). Usability evaluation of an academic library website: Experience with the Central Science Library, University of Delhi. The Electronic Library, 33(5), 896–915. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-04-2014-0067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-04-2014-0067

Pareek, S., & Gupta, D. K. (2013). Academic library websites in Rajasthan: An analysis of content. Library Philosophy and Practice, 913, 1–23. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/913

Paterson, A. M. (2021). What is a library website, anyway? Reconsidering dominant conceptual models. Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v16i1.6363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v16i1.6363

Rafiq, M., Batool, S. H., Ali, A. F., & Ullah, M. (2021). University libraries response to COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(1), 102280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102280

Ramanayaka, K. H., Chen, X., & Shi, B. (2019). Application of extent analysis FAHP to determine the relative weights of evaluation indices for library website usability acceptance model. IET Software, 13(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen.2018.5185 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen.2018.5185

Reinsfelder, T. L., & O’Hara-Krebs, K. (2023). Implementing a rules-based chatbot for reference service at a large university library. Journal of Web Librarianship, 17(4), 95–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2023.2268832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2023.2268832

Robinson, B., & Wilson, D. E. (2023). How an online university librarian and a liberal arts college librarian implemented video tutorials during COVID-19: A mentoring case study. Journal of Library and Information Services in Distance Learning, 17(4), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/1533290X.2023.2234887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1533290X.2023.2234887

Rubin, V. L., Chen, Y., & Thorimbert, L. M. (2010). Artificially intelligent conversational agents in libraries. Library Hi Tech, 28(4), 496–522. https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831011096196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/07378831011096196

Scronce, G. (2023). Streamlining room scheduling and managing library events using LibCal. Journal of Web Librarianship, 17(4), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2023.2263648 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2023.2263648

Silvis, I. M., Bothma, T. J. D., & de Beer, K. J. W. (2019). Evaluating the usability of the information architecture of academic library websites. Library Hi Tech, 37(3), 566–590. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2017-0151 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2017-0151

Sundt, A., & Eastman, T. (2019). Informing website navigation design with team-based card sorting. Journal of Web Librarianship, 13(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2018.1544873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19322909.2018.1544873

Tella, A. (2022). Revitalizing the library through usability features of the university library websites. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 34(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2022.2028425 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2022.2028425

Thompson, A. M., Thompson, H. J., Jones, M., & Rosenbloom, M. (2021). One website to rule them all: Lessons learned from a series of reorganizations, integrations, and creation of one university libraries’ website from three. Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, 18(4), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2021.2010155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15424065.2021.2010155

Verma, N. K., Deori, M., & Verma, M. K. (2022). Library services during COVID-19: A usability analysis of websites of the central university libraries in India. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 42(6), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.42.6.18130 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.42.6.18130

White, E., & King, L. (2021). Investigating the development of a research portal as part of an academic library website for scholarly communication guidance in a public university in Ghana. International Information & Library Review, 53(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2020.1805577 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2020.1805577

Wickramanayake, L. (2012). Instruction and help services in the academic library websites and web pages in Sri Lanka: A content analysis. The Electronic Library, 30(3), 377–389. https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471211241654 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471211241654

Wijayaratne, A. L., & Singh, D. (2015). Developing an academic library website model, a designer’s checklist, and an evaluative instrument. The Electronic Library, 33(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-11-2012-0115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-11-2012-0115

Wilson, D. E. (2015). Web content and design trends of Alabama academic libraries. The Electronic Library, 33(1), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-05-2013-0100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-05-2013-0100

Yu, F., & Mani, N. (2020). How American academic medical/health sciences libraries responded to the COVID-19 health crisis: An observational study. Data and Information Management, 4(3), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.2478/DIM-2020-0013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/dim-2020-0013

Downloads

Published

15-07-2026

How to Cite

Dzandza Ocloo, P.E. and King, L. (2026) “Information provision on Academic library websites in Ghana: Pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic analysis”, Ghana Library Journal (ISSN: 3134-5522), 31(2), pp. 37–53. doi:10.65861/glj.v31i2.5.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 217

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.